The gnu free documentation license gnu fdl or simply gfdl is a copyleft license for open content such as software. However, in actual practice nearly all copylefted software uses the gnu general public license. The mit license is a permissive free software license originating at the massachusetts institute of technology mit in the late 1980s. As software developers and publishers, when it comes to integrating third party software, we have to look carefully at the license.
What are some examples of sharealikecopyleft licenses. On selling exceptions to the gnu gpl free software. How to choose the best license for your open source. In fact, licenses are usually of such little interest that 85%of the projects on github fail to have one however, one aspect of licensing never fails to stir partisan responses. The other half was divided among non copyleft licenses, notably the mit license, and various licenses. It is a lax, permissive noncopyleft free software license, compatible with the gnu gpl. Both copyleft and non copyleft permissive licenses for free content or free software can be used for things like documents for example books, art, music and software. The answer is that while a strong copyleft license. Frequently answered questions open source initiative. There are many possible ways to write copyleft distribution terms, so in principle there can be many copyleft free software licenses. A major difference between the set of permissive and copyleft freesoftware licenses is that when the software is being redistributed either modified or unmodified, permissive licenses do not force the redistributor to open the modified source code. By the end of the century, the gpl was the license of choice for approximately half of all opensource projects. All free software is open source software, but not all open source software. With a weaker copyleft than the lgpl, the eclipse license is more businessfriendly as it allows sub licensing and building of software made of epl and non epl even proprietary licensed code, provided the non epl code is a separate modules of software.
Studies on open source software oss have shown that the license under which an oss is released has an impact on the success or failure of the software. As a permissive license, it puts only very limited restriction on reuse and has, therefore, high license. Understanding opensource and free software licensing medium. The berkley software distribution licenses is a non copyleft, permissive license. Most discussions of free software licenses bore listeners.
Linux essentials chapter 2 exam answer question id 267 the samba application is a. See how to choose a license for your own work for general recommendations about choosing a license for your work the two major categories of free software license are copyleft and non copyleft. Examples of copyleft copyleft licenses ensure all future derivatives of the product to include the original copyleft word for word, thus keeping the product free whenever it changes. Categories of free and nonfree software gnu project. Just as the open source initiative certifies licenses as compliant with the open source definition, and the free software foundation defines licenses as free or non free software licenses and as copyleft or non copyleft licenses, so too does the copyfree initiative identify licenses. The gnu free documentation license is another example of a copyleft non software license. Copyleft licenses such as the gnu gpl insist that modified versions of the program must be free software as well. We recommend that you not use this license for anything you write. There are 3 bsd licenses, but only two accepted and recommended by the open source initiative and the fsf. It is a lax, permissive noncopyleft free software license. Copyleft licenses enforce the publication of the source code under the copyleft license. Boost software license a permissive non copyleft free software license.
This license is often compared to copyleft free and open source software licenses. Copyleft versus noncopyleft licenses in free open source software. The revised bsd license 3 clause, and the simplified bsd license. Open source licenses are licenses that comply with the open source definition in brief, they allow software to be freely used, modified, and shared. Gnu general public license v3 gpl3 365223 code license managed by kevin. The free software sharealike licenses written by richard stallman in the mid1980s pioneered a concept known as copyleft.
How to choose the best license for your open source software project. Since our products are commercial and not free our code is closed, we only integrate third party software that have non copyleft license. Its important to note that there are no good or bad licenses, and that no one license is better. Copyleft licenses are sometimes even considered to be nonfree because of the restrictions for redistribution of the works. They basically say to use this software, you must promise not to sue us.
However, you want to be sure that you are not breaking the law by the way the software under opensource licenses is used in your project or app. The open source initiative defines a permissive software license as a non copyleft license. Free software licenses can be divided into two broad categories. To stop the industry from appropriating bits of the free code and integrating them into non public, industrial products, stallman invented the concept of copyleft and the gpl general public licence by which the author of a software. For information on specific free software licenses, see the license list page. It should be noted that, although people might think that copyleft.
Noncopyleft licenses permit the code to be incorporated in software or programs that are distributed under some other license, including a proprietary one. Whats the difference between permissive and copyleft. There is an ongoing debate as to which class of license provides the greater degree of freedom. It is important to make a difference between free software and open source software. It was made up by the free software foundation fsf for the gnu project. Ensuing copyleft provisions stated that when modified versions of free software are distributed, they must be distributed under the same terms as the original software. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use. The most well known free software license that uses strong copyleft is the gnu general public license.
Boost software license, by boost community, an opensource. Find open source licenses and copyleft licensing to build a free, digital revolution and a copyleft, open. The free software foundation recognizes the wtfpl as a gplcompatible free software license but does not recommend its use. Gnu free documentation license simple english wikipedia. Copyleft licensing is favourable for software coders. The use of software licenses for non software work is generally discouraged. Selling exceptions depends fundamentally on using a copyleft license, such as the gnu gpl, for the free software release. Copyleft article about copyleft by the free dictionary. The design science license is a strong copyleft license that can apply to any work that is not. Categories of free and nonfree software gnu project free. Some free software licenses dont establish an obligation of licensing derivative work in the same terms of the original work license. A copyleft license permits embedding in a larger program only if the whole combined program is released under that license. This is a lax, permissive noncopyleft free software license, compatible with the gnu gpl.
Various licenses and comments about them gnu project. Our results suggest that leastrestrictive or non copyleft license will dominate other types of oss license when a large effort is required to develop derivative software. Copyleft is a distinguishing feature of some free software licenses. Sharealike is a synonym of copyleft in the creative commons vocabulary. The open source initiative defines a permissive software license as a noncopyleft license. Various licenses and comments about them gnu project free.
Non copyleft licenses are considered as permissive licenses, mostly because they allow creating derivative works under other license terms. It is similar to the gnu general public license, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify a work and requires all copies and derivatives to be available under the same license. Examples of noncopyleft free software licenses include the x11 license, apache license and the bsd licenses. In this way, copyleft licenses are distinct from other types of freesoftware licenses, which do not guarantee that. Copyleft licenses are also called viral licenses, because they may potentially infect a software product with the opensource terms of the underlying copyleft program, leaving a. Copyleft is the idea and the specific stipulation when distributing software that the user will be able to copy it freely, examine and modify the source code, and redistribute the software to others free or priced as long as the redistributed software is also passed along with the copyleft. Bsd license problem gnu project free software foundation. Open source licenses grant permission for anybody to use, modify, and share licensed software for any purpose, subject to conditions preserving the provenance and openness of the software.
Many free software licenses are not copyleft licenses because they do not require the licensee to distribute derivative works under the same license. All free software is open source software, but not all open source software is considered as free software. Strong copyleft also forbids linking or integration the subject work into larger worksprojects that are not also licensed with a license with compatible copyleft. It does this by allowing non free or closed source programs to use. File server web server security server mail server question id 268 which of the following are examples of desktop software. All types of information relating to open source licensing, open source agreements, the open source community, open source ideas, and other copyleft causes. After opting into the copyleft licence, the source code is readily available, and it allows others to modify and develop the code. Its important to keep in mind that non copyleft licenses can transform from being free open source software to non free, non open source software licenses, because the enforcement of the. The first form of copyleft licensing is called the gnu general public license. Since our products are commercial and not free our code is closed, we only integrate third party software that have noncopyleft license. The choice between copyleft and permissive free software licenses illustrates two fascinating points.
Free software foundation wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. The gnu free documentation license is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the free software foundation fsf for the gnu project. Copyleft simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Most copyleft licenses are open source, but not all open source licenses.
1477 85 332 509 1519 186 1074 156 545 270 779 1070 1225 1496 100 759 1190 652 829 492 942 868 296 348 1101 1459 1139 128 479 893 1245 1401 382 1366